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my trip to Dalarne, Sweden

my trip to Dalarne, Sweden

I was pleased to get an invite from the University of Dalarne to do a keynote at their Next Generation Learning conference tomorrow. Besides not having been to Central Sweden, this is Parish from which my Great-grandparents immigrated from in the 1870’s to come first to Minnesota and then to Canada.

I couldn’t help thinking what would have happened if they hadn’t left as I toured the Dalarne Museum in Falun. This picture helped my visual it – but I hope my partner wouldn’t be so blank faced !!


I also enjoyed the way you can watch the NHL here. On Sunday, you get to watch about 20-25 minutes of the highlights of ecah game played on Hockey Night in Canada. Just right for an attention deficit type like myself. But after the way the Canucks thrashed the Oilers last night, I wish Sweden had of kept the Sedin brothers home here in Sweden.

A problem with educational research publishing is that most of the most highly rated peer-reviewed journals are closed access, and though most are accessible to me through our library, I try as much as possible not to contribute to journals that are not available as open access. Especially in education, there are too many potential readers in schools, universities in developing countries and ordinary Canadians who just don’t have access to expensive closed publications. Thus, I strongly support the recent boycott of Elsevier (largest journal publisher in the world) but I extend a personal boycott it to all closed research publications (with the occasional exception).
However a year ago, I had an idea to research the impact of what for us in education was a new and i think very promising research methodology known as design-based research (DBR). The DBR model matches researchers with teachers in real educational contexts, to develop interventions (pedagogical technical, administrative etc.) and then test them in real contexts using a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques and then extracting broader design principles explaining how and why the intervention works or fails to improve teaching or learning.

I was fortunate enough to recruit Atahabasca University doctoral student Julie Shattuck and together we analysed the 5 most widely cited DBR articles over each of the ten years since the methodology was first promoted. You are welcome to read the results published this week

Terry Anderson and Julie Shattuck (2012) Design-Based Research : A Decade of Progress in Education Research? Educational Researcher, 41: 16-25,http://edr.sagepub.com/content/41/1/16.full

Once the article was written we were faced with the question of where to publish. I thought the article would have considerable interest -especially in the US, as this is where the majority of cited DBR articles were published. Thus, I wanted to go beyond the open and distance education audience that I normally write for. I immediately thought of Educational Researcher. This is arguably and usually cited as the most widely read and prestigious peer reviewed journal in the educational world (ISO Impact factor of 3.774), so I really didn’t think we would get accepted.
However, although Educational Researcher is published by Sage (a commercial publisher) it is sponsored by The American Educational Research Association (world’s largest professional educational group) and is distributed in paper to all its members and most importantly freely in PDF format on the web. So the prospect of a very large audience in a very prestigious journal and close to open access publication was irresistible.

The submission process was very picky and exacting, with editors demanding very strict adherence to APA format, page length etc. before they would even send it to review. Not to my surprise, two months later, it was returned with requests for revisions which I must say all reasonable and likely to improve the paper. However, the returned manuscript must go through a second review, so we didn’t get our hopes up. Then last summer, to our surprise, a very quick second review and minor suggestions for revisions and we were accepted!! 5 months later everyone is able to read the article online and I await my paper copy in the mail!
So thanks to Julie, the reviewers and editors at Educational Research and celebration time!!

Alienated from Change11 MOOC

I want to document and maybe provoke a discussion and reflection on last night’s Change 11 web conference with Dave Cormier on Rhizome Learning. I felt pretty alienated and out of place.

But first a few caveats:
1. I like Dave a lot, count him as a friend and find his ideas on Rhizome learning interesting and relevant
2. This was my first synchronous session at Change 2011 MOOC (many mostly, time and priority related issues getting in the way). Thus my alienation may result from my failing to take the time and energy to become accustomed to and grow into the norms of this group/network.
3. The session was one of the most interactive, Elluminate sessions I’ve seen. Dave is a master at both creating the context through his slides and allowing comments to flow fast and furious.

However…..
One of the first slides Dave asked what was the purpose of education. There was about 30 replies entered onto the slide. Many like “create workers”, “babysit kids”, “create soldiers”, “give a space for teachers to endless repeat stories from their youth” and many more reflecting a distinctly EduPunk interpretation of the stuff of Hidden Curriculum critique of formal education system. But not a single comment about education being responsible for and or even associated with learning. This struck me as odd (and alienating) for three reasons.

First, likely all of the participants (including Dave and myself) are products of, and beneficiaries of a variety of educational systems. In fact, many of us participating in the MOOC are the teachers or administrators running or at least participating in formal education systems, and thus the very enemy being bashed. I do not deny the culture homogenizing influence of education systems but look at all the definitions of education from dictionary.com:
– 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life.
– 2.the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
– 3.a degree, level, or kind of schooling: a university education.
– 4.the result produced by instruction, training, or study: to show one’s education.
– 5.the science or art of teaching; pedagogics.

The conversation seemed to focus (and get stuck on #4 alone), whereas I like to think of number #1 and work to develop #5.

Second, I’ve spent 2/3 of my adult life trying to improve access to education through various distance education institutions, technologies and systems. My motives are certainly not to create soldiers or workers, but to expand opportunity and give people real choices. Sure, education does lead to better jobs, but it also leads to better understanding and management of our global environment, release of and development of creative juices, as evidenced by the formal education of almost all of the interesting and important cultural, artistic and philosophical leaders, models and trend setters. I recognize that education is a two edged sword and can also stamp out creativity, as evidenced by studies of changes in school aged children – but it also provides a context for students to learn how to create, think and get along with and tend the various weeds (personal and institutional) in our gardens. Education, like other institutional systems both creates and is created by individual and social hierarchies. You can also see that children don’t generally get any more creative when they are denied opportunity to go to school – maybe just the opposite. Except of course if they are the children of or exposed to educated adults or others with large (and often uncommon) personal gifts and abilities

Third, I like others am attracted to the romantic notion of the Nomad. During my 20’s and on, I spent 15 years on a homestead in Northern Alberta, so I am quite familiar with the value and sense of freedom of living outside the mainstream society, but I still had to learn (pre-Internet days) how to research, argue, support and protect that alternative lifestyle – and I was grateful for the formal education tools and skills that I had available and sadly were not, to many of my rural and First Nation neighbours. I also have seen the marginalized and not very pleasant or sustaining lifestyles of modern Bedouin communities in Jordon and Oman and Roma communities of nomads in many countries of Europe. Sure, they have at least equal doses of culture and maybe more creativity than others, but they suffer from all sorts of challenges, not least of which are health issues and the lack of educational opportunity for their kids. If you talk to these nomads, you will find that many of them have high aspirations and regrets about their own lack of education and make great efforts to provide educational opportunities to own children – and not just because they want them to be good factory workers or soldiers. One might also ask are the ecology, anti-war, Arab Spring, social, charitable and volunteer services that are trying to build and mend our world populated by educated people or by Nomads? I refrain from using the the older term of ‘learned people’, because I appreciate the distinction made between learning and education – but I don’t deny the correlation.

Finally, I realized last night how “out of it” I am in regard to skill using Blackboard, graphics, Twitter and other PLEs as compared to many of the Change participants. This is OK, as I am old fart (61 years) and I am at the stage of life, where I don’t feel compelled to keep up with all the new technologies and the skills required to exploit them. But I am light years ahead of most of my generation (Stephen notwithstanding!) and thus I see the EduPunk culture becoming a very exclusionary technocracy. And to be frank, not one that I really aspire to join. Maybe Moocs are its ‘educational schoolrooms’.

I belief connectivism has much to say to formal education systems, but change is a very complex and needs many advocates and workers – both in the trenches and by Nomads. If we really want to CHANGE systems, we have to insure that we don’t grow as rhizomes, reproducing clones of ourselves or establishing gardens in which only certain types of weeds can flourish.

Cartagenia de Indias, Columbia

Cartagenia de Indias, Columbia

I was honoured to be asked to do a keynote at the 2nd Congresso Mundial de E-Learning sponsored by the Universidad National Aberta y a Distance (Columbia’s Open University). The conference was held in one of the oldest and perhaps most well maintained  historic ports of the Spanish Main.

The Congresso started 90 minutes late, because the Internet connection to that part of the town was severed by tram construction. I thought at first that this was pretty odd to hold up a F2F conference for the Internet, not realizing that they had a few hundred paying registrants online and in Second Life. But I found that time-lines aren’t really hard in Columbia anyways!

There were about 900 delegates and they all seemed to know the words to the stirring martial music of the National anthem, the state anthem and UNAD school anthem. Someone I can’t imagine a stirring, trumpet filled anthem (with everyone singing) at a Canadian University event (do any of our Universities even have anthems??). Next came the official greetings by the Mayor and various Ministry officials. I was quite thrilled to be given the keys to the City (literally a big brass key!!)  but I didn’t manage to find any banks or chests of Spanish doubloons to which the key would fit.Read More

Open Access Week at Athabasca – Oct. 24-28, 2011

For the 3rd year Athabasca University is participating in Open Access Week by sponsoring a series of free Adobe Connect sessions from 12:00-1:00 PM Mountain Time (GMT-6). This year we are highlighting activities associated with our new UNESCO/COL Chair in Open Educational resources.

All are welcomed.

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http://openaccess.athabascau.ca

To celebrate the appointment of Dr. Rory McGreal as the UNESCO/Commonwealth of Learning Chair in Open Educational Resources (OER), Athabasca University is presenting a series of five noon-hour webcasts exploring major issues and opportunities presented by OER. Each session will feature an internationally known promoter and developer of open educational resources, research, or ideas. Everyone is welcome; please join us for these webcasts. For more information, please contact Tony Tin, Head, Digital Initiative and Electronic Resources. E-mail: tonyt@athabascau.ca, Phone# (780)675-6486.

Please visit the links below for more information on each presentation, presenter’s biographies, and to find the links to the Adobe Connect Sessions on each day.

Click on: Launch Webcast

From noon to 1 p.m. MDT

 

Monday, October 24th- Fun and Fear in Open Spaces

Presenters: Dr. Terry Anderson, Dr. Jon Dron

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#1

 

Tuesday, October 25th- Post Secondary Leadership in the OER Movement

Presenter: Dr. Frits Pannekoek

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#2

 

Wednesday, October 26th – Making Sense of Complexity in Open Information Environments

Presenter: George Siemens

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#3

 

Wednesday, October 26th – Making Sense of Complexity in Open Information Environments

Presenter: George Siemens

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#3

 

Thursday, October 27th – Panel on Moving to Open Educational Resources at Athabasca University

Presenters: Dr. Lisa Carter, Dr. Cindy Ives, Tony Tin, Colin Elliott

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#4

 

Friday, October 28th – OER’s and Sustainable Innovation: Low Cost, Low Risk but High Impact

Presenters: Dr. Rory McGreal, Dr. Wayne Mackintosh

http://openaccess.athabascau.ca/events.php#5

These presentations are among many events taking place internationally to highlight Open Access Week.

http://www.openaccessweek.org/

Another edition of IRRODL

I’m pleased to share below the Table of Content for issue 12(6) of the International Review of Open and Distance Learning.

This issue has 10 research articles and 4 book reviews. When you go the IRRODL site, you will see that we are adding graphical enhancements – including  anew colour scheme, photos of the first authors, snaps of book covers and updates to  special issues.

Remember the price is right to subscribe – Free.

Enjoy.

Table of ContentsEditorial

Editorial
Terry Anderson

Research Articles

The importance of interaction for academic success in online courses with hearing, deaf, and hard-of-hearing students
Gary L Long, Carol Marchetti, Richard Fasse
Examining motivation in online distance learning environments: Complex, multifaceted and situation-dependent
Maggie Hartnett, Alison St. George, Jon Dron
Factors that impact student usage of the learning management system in Qatari schools
Ramzi Nasser, Maha Cherif, Michael Romanowski
Quality assurance in Asian distance education: Diverse approaches and common culture
Insung Jung, Tat Meng Wong, Chen Li, Sanjaa Baigaltugs, Tian Belawati
Literacy at a distance in multilingual contexts: Issues and challenges
Christine I Ofulue
Distance students’ readiness for social media and collaboration
Bruno Poellhuber, Terry Anderson
Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program
Swapna Kumar, Kara Dawson, Erik W Black, Catherine Cavanaugh, Christopher D Sessums
Applying constructionist principles to online teacher professional development
Nathaniel Mark Ostashewski, Doug Reid, Susan Moisey
ODL and the impact of digital divide on information access in Botswana
Olugbade Oladokun, Lenrie Aina
Increased technology provision and learning: Giving more for nothing?
Emmanuelle Quillerou

 

Book Notes

Book Review – The Perfect Online Course: Best Practices for Designing and Teaching

Marta Ruiz-Corbella

Book review – Bridging the knowledge divide: Educational technology for development
Aminudin Zuhairi

Book review – Web 2.0-based e-learning: Applying social informatics for tertiary teaching

Juan Leon
Book review – Learning with digital games: A practical guide to engaging students in higher education
Maja Pivec

The revoIution will be on Wi-Fi

The revoIution will be on Wi-Fi

Susan and I are being tourists for the weekend in Philadelphia, after I did a keynote and couple of sessions at Montgomery County Community College on Friday. Of course we had to see the Liberty Bell, watch the self congratulatory video (not implying that  the American Revolution was big deal) at Independence Hall and are leaving to climb the ‘Rocky stairs’ and the view famous art collection at the Museum of Art for today.

But I wanted to share my impressions of Occupy Phily. In over 30 cities across America young people are ‘taking back” a prominent square and exercising their right of free assembly. They are inspired by a vision to create a change that may be the “American Autumn” – OK the term doesn’t have quite the same promise as the Arab Spring, but the similarities are marked.  Both acknowledge a profound sense of frustration with the status quo and both hope and dream for a better form of social and economic organization.  As the many placards attest, there are many grievances, but I see at the bottom, a sense of outrage at the way public wealth is being squandered – from corporate bailouts, to unwinable wars, to subsides for the rich. All of these policies resulting in lack of health care, education opportunity, jobs and a chance at the American ideal for the young occupiers. Underlying even the massive public spending and debt is an inability of American-style capitalism to derive a means of distributing the wealth of this richest of countries, in any style except one that sees 1% attain staggering wealth while for 99% are seeing their assets and their opportunity for the “pursuit of happiness” diminished.

The scene with about 500 protesters outside Philly City Hall was upbeat and hopeful. The continuous drum circle set the beat of square that was half camper tents and half meeting, talking, sharing circles and information tables. Slogan printed signs and chalk drawings were everywhere with a host of messages. The familiar Peace sign from the sixties is back, as were many of the slogans I recall from the 60s. A major focus was on attracting the attention of the vehicles passing by, with a small cadre of placard carriers walking, cheering and chanting across the intersection every time the walk light changed.

We were able to overhear a circle discussion of I assume was a central organizing committee. The talk was of strategies, food and responsibility for activities on the square. We saw a number  of interesting turn taking techniques and an interesting waving of fingers to show agreement with a speakers’ comments. It seem

Below is a shot of the Communications tent.  This revolution will be on and facilitated by WI-FI.s the talk hasn’t yet turned to concrete suggestions fior change, but as in the Arab Spring and the 60’s mearely demanding change is a necessary first step in any making change.

 

 

Off My Chair

Off My Chair

I’m celebrating today, in my last day sitting on  a Canada Research Chair (virtually of course!). I doubt if chairless tomorrow will be much different than today, but it is the passing of a personal academic era.

I came to Athabasca University 10 years ago as the Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Distance Education. The CRC program is funded by the Canadian federal government to support scholarship – in a very backward country that does not have any federal educational mandate nor initaitves. The feds are however constitutionally allowed to participate in research. They choose to do so through the funding for up to 2,000 chairs in all disciplines in 2000. Each University was allocated Chairs based on the amount of federal research council funding they are awarded – and Athabasca got three. The catch is however, that the Chairs come in two funding levels – Tier 2 for newer academics, with a 5 year term, renewable once and Tier 1 for all scholars, for 7 years, renewable indefinitely.  Unfortunately for me,  Atahabacsa was not awarded any Tier 1 Chairs, and thus 5 years after my renewal in 2006, it is out of the chair for me – as of tomorrow!

All in all, I have enjoyed the expereince and the prestige. I had a slightly lower teaching load than my colleagues and commensurate higher expectation for research output. A quick look at the old CV shows output over the past 10 years (authored or co-authored) of 5 books, 25 book chapters, 44 peer reviewed articles and more presentations, keynotes and rubber chicken, than I can accurately count.  So a great opportunity!

Life, post CRC, carries on pretty much same as before – without a chair to sit in!  I continue as a tenured Prof here at Athabasca where I teach in the Centre for Distance Education (mostly in our EdD program this year), advise students, edit IRRODL and keep our SSHRC funded research agenda on social networking in self-paced courses afloat.

Thanks to all my colleagues for the visits, correspondence, critique, collaboration and good times over the past decade!

Interaction Equivalency Site Announcement

I am pleased to be able to introduce a new site – http://equivalencytheorem.info/ created by Terumi Miyazoe from Tokyo Denki University and myself to invite more use, critique and understanding of my 2003 distance education Interaction Equivalency Theorem.

Interaction has always been a defining (but expensive) component of all forms of education. In distance education, we have  expanded the definition of interaction to include that taking place between students and content- in addition to student-student and student-teacher interaction. Randy Garrison and I wrote an article in 1998 detailing the final three forms of educational interaction (teacher-teacher, teacher-content and content-content,- however the 3 student forms are the focus of most DE research and discussion.

In 2003 I began thinking that if you could get one of the three student forms of interaction at very highly levels of both quantity and quality in a formal course, then you have the necessary ingredients for a quality  learning experience – even in the absence of either or both of the other two forms. I expressed these and other ideas in more academic form in the 2003 article, but never took the idea much beyond this because I couldn’t figure out a way to disprove the theory . As the citizendium wiki puts “for a proposition to be considered scientific, it must, at least in principle, be possible to make an observation that would show it to be false. Otherwise, the proposition has, as Karl Popper put it, no connection with the real world.”

Thus, I was most delighted when Bob Bernard and his colleagues published a meta analysis of empirical DE research articles that generally served to support the theorem.  Since then a number of authors and doctoral studies have also confirmed or expanded upon my origional idea. Links to these articles and more is available at the website

Terumi and I welcome suggestions for other links, discussion or expansion of these ideas at the site.

References

Anderson, T. (2003). Getting the mix right again: An updated and theoretical rationale for interactionThe International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (IRRODL), 4(2).

Anderson, T. D., & Garrison, R. D. (1998). Learning in a networked world: New roles and responsibilities. In C. C. Gibson (Ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education (pp. 97-112). Madison, Wisconsin: Atwood Publishing. – The first manuscript that referred to the fourth interaction dimension of teacher-teacher, teacher-content, and content-content, called Modes of Interaction.

Bernard, M. R., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A., & Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance educationThe Review of Educational Research (RER), 79(3), 1243-1289 – A meta-analysis on interaction research in light of the Equivalency Theorem covering 1985 – 2006 empirical studies in distance education.

 

What I did this summer (cont.)

What I did this summer (cont.)

A final post, recounting the story of summer ’11 with a brief account of the voyage of the sailboat Barakette. We (friends Scott, Don and I) bare-boated from Vancouver Island, Nanimo Yachts for one week heading up the Sunshine Coast. We have become accustomed to much smaller boats – (or bigger boats and someone else in charge), so this was a test for our relatively inexperienced crew.

The Barakette is  27′ Catalina, the work horse and likely most popular family cruiser on the West Coast. It was old enough to be sufficiently scratched, that we weren’t too intimidated by the gloss!  To our delight everything seemed to be working well (small galley, big ice box, radio, charts, head with holding tank) and all set to go.

We headed across the Straights of Georgia, with good winds and 30 minutes after casting off we were heeled way over, beating into 15 knot winds and sparkling ocean whitecaps – great fun!! We dropped the hook at Smuggler’s Bay the first night, with a stern line to a rock on shore. Beautiful evening and time for a swim and barbecue. Next morning we topped up provisions at Pender Harbour and sailed up Agamemnon Channel. Next morning, heading up Jervis inlet, we came onto a school of porpoises who swam over to check us out, but soon found us a bit boring, compared to this scenery.

32 miles sailing and motoring up the channel brought us to Princess Louisa Inlet – guarded by Malibou Rapids. Fortunately we have leaned to read the tide tables and motored through near slack tide on a one knot current. Princess Louisa is one of those ‘bucket list” type destinations. It is a 3 mile mountain-bound fiord, with at least 20 waterfalls spilling down the near vertical mountain sides. At the head is the roaring Chatter Box Falls, which we visited, but choose to anchor by a much smaller waterfall that serenaded us all night.

Next working we headed back down the channel to Ballet Bay on Nelson Island– the most beautiful anchorage we have yet seen. After a swim, we were enjoying a beer on deck, when a very perplexing dowsing stick began heading straight for our anchored boat. Turns out it was a white tail dear swimming between islands. Using the snorkel and mask we discovered the thickest oyster bed we had seen – 2-3 five” oysters piling on top of each other throughout a small bay.

Next night be headed to our favorite Marine Park on Jedediah Island –picture here. The whole Island is a park, that once was an active homestead. So we walked through ancient old growth forest (Douglas Fir, Cedar, Maples and Oaks), to the old pasture, now overseen by a flock of 30 or so now wild and very unshorn sheep, had a few (rather hard) pears and apples from the orchard and toured the old falling down barn, outbuildings and farmhouse overlooking the bay.

Final day of sailing saw us at the Dingy pub and moorage at Protection Island in Nanimo Harbour. Next morning we then returned the boat, none the worse for wear, but one winch handle (over the beam) less.

A great sail, then home via Vancouver and 30th birthday celebrations with daughter Solanna and 13 hours drive through the Rockies to Edmonton

Thus ends the summer, 2011.